Guides & Publications

A Question of Reasonableness Situations in which pollution-related costs can be recovered in general average (GA) have been discussed in our previous article, Environmental liabilities: a question of motive. We will now consider when the costs of cleaning up pollution in dry-dock may be covered by particular average (PA).

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These comments are based to a large extent on papers read at the 2009 General Assembly of the Association Mondiale de Dispacheurs by Professor Hannu Honka, Professor Berlingieri (both senior figures at the CMI) and Dr Regina Asariotis (Unctad) and various commentaries in the press. Essentially this is a “bluffers” guide which we hope will…

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Hull and Machinery policies The shipping casualties that hit the headlines are generally the major total losses, particularly those associated with serious environmental damage. However, the main call upon hull and machinery insurance policies come from partial losses, or ‘particular average’ claims, resulting from damage to vessesl and their machinery suffered due to the ordinary…

On 4th June 2004 in Vancouver, the York-Antwerp Rules 2004 were approved by the Comite Maritime International (CMI).

General Average is a concept that is peculiar to maritime transport and has its origins in the earliest days of sea-borne trade in the Mediterranean. The basic principle was recognised by sea-faring nations in similar terms: any sacrifice of property, such as jettison, or any extraordinary expenditure that is made for the common safety of…

Until 1824, Lloyd's and two insurance companies, the London Assurance and the Royal Exchange Insurance, were the only entities allowed by law to conduct marine insurance business in the United Kingdom.

Until 1824, Lloyd’s and two insurance companies, the London Assurance and the Royal Exchange Insurance, were the only entities allowed by law to conduct marine insurance business in the United Kingdom. In the sixty years that followed, there was a great expansion in the number of insurance and shipping companies; both tended to develop their…